SOME IMPORTANT FACTS;
- Warren Hastings set
up the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781 for the study of Arabic and Persian.
- The Asiatic Society
of Bengal was founded by Sir William Jones iii Calcutta in 1784.
- Jonathan Duncan,
the resident at Benares started the Sanskrit College in 1791.
- Lord Welleslley
started the Fort William College m 1800 for the training of Civil
Servants, which the court of Directors closed in 1802.
- William Carey, a
Baptist missionary, set up schools and published Bengali translations of
the Bible, there by laying the foundations of English Education and
Bengali prose literature.
- The Charter Act of
1813, was the first to provide an annual expenditure of one lakh rupees
“for the revival and promotion of literature.”
- David Hare and Raja
Rammohan Roy were instrumental in selling up the Calcutta Hindu College in
1817.
- Which later
developed into the Presidency College.
- The Orientalists
led by HT Princep who favoured encouragement of Oriental literature and
The Anglicist who favoured the advancement of Western Science and
literature.
- Macualay, a member
of the Executive Council wrote his Minute on Educational Policy ( February
1833) which favoured the Anglicist viewpoint. The Macualayan system was
based as the idea that limited means negated mass education, hence a
minority would be educated in English, who would act as ‘class of
interpreters’, thereby enriching the vernaculars such that the knowledge
of Western Sciences and literature would reach the masses.
- Lord William
Bentick, in the Resolution of 7 March 1835, accepted Macualays viewpoint
which led to the promotion of European science and literature.
The President of the Board of Control, his scheme became the Magna Carta
of English education in India. The universities of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay
were set up in 1857. It was Bethune’s contribution, which helped a setting up
of a number of girls schools.
Its main recommendations were basically for secondary education.
Secondary Education should be in two sectors—literary Education leading to the
university entrance examination and commercial and vocational training.
The only Indian member of the commission Gurudas Banerji appointed by
Lord Curzon, strongly disagreed with its recommendations, which were adopted in
the Indian Universities Act in 1904.
It was enacted to ensure greater
government controls over the Universities. It transferred the power of ultimate decision in matters of college
affiliation and schools recognition to government officials and sought to fix
minimum colleges fees.
The two Indian members were Sir Ashutosh Mukherji and Dr Ziauddin Ahmed.
It was mainly for higher education.
- It recommended a
twelve year course of Matriculation, then intermediate followed by
University
- University course
was limited to three years and divided into Pass Course and Honours
- Each University
should be a Centralized system.
- A Board of women’s
education was also suggested.
Wardha scheme of Basic Education (1937), worked out by the Zakir Hussain
Committee alter Mahatma Gandhi published a series of articles in the Harijan.
It centred around “manual productive work’ which would cover the remuneration
of teachers. There was to be a seven year course through the mother tongue of
the students. It was to be centred around crafts.
- The establishment
elementary schools and high schools.
- Universal and
compulsory education for all children between the age of six and eleven
- A school course of
six years was to be provided for children between age eleven and
seventeen.
- High schools were
to be of two types; academic and technical and vocational.
- Roger Drake (1757)
- Robert Clive(
1757-60)
- Holwell (officiating)
1760
- Vansittart
(1760-1765)
- Robert Clive
(Second Administration) (1765-67)
- Henry Verelst
(1767-69)
- Cartierf 1769-72)
- Vannistart (1767-69)
- Carder (1769-72)
Robert Clive : (Governor of Bengal from 1857-60 and again during 1765-67), Established Dual
Government in Bengal from 1765-72
- Became governor of
Bengal in 1772 and Governor-General in 1773 through the Regulating Act.
- Abolished Dual
system of administration)
- Wrote introduction
to the first English translation of Gita by Charles Wilkins.
- Founded the Asiatic
society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784.
Auctioned the right to collect land revenue to the highest bidder.
Divided Bengal into districts and appointed collectors and other revenue
officials.
- Started Diwani and
faujdari adalats at the district level and Sadar diwani and Nizmat adalats
(appellate courts) at Calcutta.
- Redefined Hindu and
Muslim laws. A translation of the code in Sanskrit appeared in 1776 under
the title of “Code of Gentoo laws”.
- Rohilla war 1774)
- 1st Anglo Maratha War
(1776—82)
- 2ndAnglo-Mysore-War(
1780-84).
- First person to
codify laws (in 1793). The code separated the revenue administration from the
administration of justice.
- Created post of
district judge.
- Introduced
Permanent Settlement in Bengal
- Cornwallis is
called the father of civil service in India.
Wars: 3rd Anglo-Mysore (defeat of Tipu and the Treaty of Seringapatanam, 1972)
- Introduced the 1st Charter Act
- Planned the
permanent settlement and later succeeded Cornwallis as Governor- General
Wars: Battle of Kharda between Nizam the Marathas(1795)
- Started Subsidiary
Alliance system to achieve British paramountcy in India.
- Madras Presidency
was formed during his tenure
- 4th Anglo-Mysore
(1799)—defeat and the death of Tipu Sultan .
- 2nd Anglo Maratha war(
1803-05)— defeat of the Sindhia. the Bhonsale and the Holkar.
- Treaty of Bassein
(1802)
- Concluded Treaty of
Amritsar with Ranjit Singh (1809).
- Charter Act of 1813
was passed.
- Adopted the policy
of intervention and war.
- Anglo-Napelese war
(1813-23
- 3rd Anglo-Maratha war
(1817-18). Hastings forced humiliating treaties on Peshwa and the Sindhia.
- Introduced the
Ryotwari settlement in Madras by Thomas Munro, the Governor.
- 1st Burmese War
(1824-26),
- Acquisition of
territories in Malay Peninsula.
- Capture of
Bharatpur (1826).
Most liberal and enlightened Governor-General of India .Regarded as the
Father of Modern Western Education in India.
- Abolition of sad
and other cruel riles (1829)
- Suppression of
Thuggee (1830). Curbed by Colonel Sleeman.
- Passed the Charter
Act of 1833. Which provided that no Indian subject of Company was to be
debarred from holding an office on account of his religion, place of
birth, descent and colour.
- Macaulay’s minutes
in education were accepted declaring that English should be the official
language of India.
- Abolition of
provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by Cornwallis, appointment
of commissioners of revenue and circuit
Wars. Annexed Mysore (1831) Coorg (1834), Central Cachar (1834) on the plea of
misgovernment. Concluded a treaty of
perpetual friendship with Ranjit Singh.
1st Afghan War (1836-421 — great blow to the prestige of the British in
India.
- Brought an end to
the Afghan War.
- Annexation of
Sindh.( 1843)
- War with Gwalior
(1843)
- 1st Anglo-Sikh war and
the Treaty of Lahore. I S46.I Marked the end ofSikh Sovereignty in India)
- Gave preference to
English educated in employment.
(1848-56)
- Abolished of Title
and Pensions
- Widow Remarriage
Act (1856)
- Introduced Doctrine
of Lapse (Captured Satra (1848), Jaipur and Sambhalpur (1849), Baghat
- (1850), Udaipur
(1852) Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur (1854)
- Fought the Anglo
Sikh War and annexed the whole of the Punjab
- 2nd Burmese War (1852)
and annexation of Lower Burma or Pegu
- Annexation of Berar
in 1853.
- Annexation of Oudh
in 1856.
- Introduced the
system of Centralized control in the newly acquired territories known as
Bon-Regulation system.
- Raised Gurkha
regiments.
- Recommended the
Thomsonian system of Vernacular education for whole of (he Northwestern
Provinces (1853).
- Wood’s Educational
Despatch of 1884 & opening of Anglo-Vernacular Schools and Government
Colleges.
- Universities were
to be set up at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. An Engineering college was
established at Roorkee.
- Started the first
railway line in 1853 (connecting Bombay with Thana was laid down)
- Started electric
telegraph service. Laid the basis of the modern postal system
- Established a
separate public works department was set up for the first time
- Started work on the
Grand Trunk Road and developed the harbours of Karachi, Bombay and
Calcutta
- The last Governor
General and the first Viceroy.
- Revolt of 1857
- Passed the Act of
1858, which ended the rule of the East India Company.
- Withdrew Doctrine
of lapse.
- The Indian Councils
Act of 1861 was passed, which proved to be a landmark in the
constitutional history of India.
- The Doctrine of
Lapse was withdrawn. The Indian Penal Code of Criminal Procedure (1859)
was passed.
- The Indian High
Court Act (1861) was enacted.
- Income Tax was
introduced for the first time in 1858.
- The Universities of
Calcutta, Bombay and Madras founded in 1857.
- The Indigo riots in
Bengal
- Wahabi Movement
(Pan-Islamic Movement)
- Telegraphic
communication was opened with Europe.
- High courts were
established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865.
- Expanded Canal
works, railways.
- Bhutan War (1865)
- Advocated
State-managed railways. Created the Indian Forests Department and
reorganized the native judicial service
- Introduced
financial decentralization of in India and made the first Provincial
settlement in 1870
- He established the
Rajkot College at Kathiawar and Mayo College at Ajmer for the Indian princes
- He organised the
Statistical Survey of India
- He established the
Department of Agriculture and Commerce
- He was the only
viceroy to be murdered in office by a convict in the Andamans in 1872
- Introduction of
Slate Railways
- Lord Northbrook
(1872-76)
- Kuka Movement of
Punjab look rebellious turn during his period
(The viceroy of reverse character)
- Most unpopular
Governor-General
- Pursued free trade
and abolished duties on 29 British manufactured goods which accelerated
drain of India.
- Arranged the Grand
Darbar in Delhi (in 1877) when the country was suffering from a severe
famine.
- Passed the Royal
Title Act (1876) and Queen Victoria was declared as the Kaiser- a- Hind.
- Arms Act (1878)
made it mandatory for Indians to acquire license for arms.
- Passed the infamous
Vernacular Press Act (1878)
- Proposed the plan
of Statutory Civil Service in 1878-79 and lowered the maximum age limit
from 21 to 19 years.
- The 2nd Afghan war which
proved a failure.
He was appointed by the Liberal Party under Gladstone.
- Repeal of the
Vernacular Press Act, 1882.
- The first Factory
Act, 1881 to improve labour condition.
- Resolution on Local
sell Government in 1882.
- Resolution on Land
revenue policy.
- Appointed Hunter
Commission (for education reforms) in 1882.
- The Ilbert Bill
controversy erupted during his time
- 3rd Burmese War
(Annexation of upper & lower Burma; 1885).
- Establishment of
the Indian National Congress; 1885.
- The Factory Act of
1891
- Catagorization of
Civil Services into imperial, Provincial & subordinate
- Indian Council Act
of 1892 (introduced elections which was indirect)
- Appointment of the
Durand Commission lo define the line between British India and
- The Santhal
Uprising of 1899
- Convention
delimiting the frontier between China and India was ratified
- Great famine of
1896-97
- Lyll Commission
appointed after famine
- Assassination of
two British officials by the Chapekar brothers in 1897
- Appointed a Police
Commission in 1902 under Andrew Frazer
- Set up the
Universities Commission and accordingly the Indian Universities Act of
1904 was passed
- Set up the
Department of commerce and Industry
- Calcutta
Corporation Act (1899)
- Passed the Indian
Coinage and Paper currency Act (in 1899) and put India on a gold standard.
- Partition of Bengal
took place in 1905 (It was cardinal blunder of Curzon)
- In 1890, a Sino
British convention was organised to demarcate the boundary of the two
nations
- He created the new
North West Frontier Province between the ministrative frontier and the
Durand line
- Swadeshi Movement
- Surat session and
split in the Congress (1907)
- Newspapers Act.
190S
- Morley-Minto
Reforms, 1909
- Foundation of the
Muslim League 1906
- Annulment of the
partition of Bengal
- Transfer of capital
from Calcutta to Delhi
- Durbar in Delhi and
Coronation of George V and Queen
- Establishment of
Hindu Mahasabha by Madan Mohan Malviya, 1915
(1916-21)
- Home Rule Movement
launched by Tilak and Annie Besant
- Lucknow Pact, 1916
between Congress and Muslim League
- Arrival of Gandhi.
And Champaran Satyagraha : 1916
- Montague’s August
Declaration (1917)
- 1918 — Kheda
Satyagraha and Satyagraha at Ahmedabad
- Government of India
Act (1919)
- Constitutional
Reform of 1919
- Repressive Rowlatt
Acts (1919)
- Massacre at
Jalianwala Bagh (1919)
- Saddler Commission
of Education in 1917
- Khilafat Movement
- Non-Cooperation
Movement
(1921-1926)
- Criminal Law
Amendment Act and Abolition of cotton excise
- Repeal of Press Act
(1910) “&Rowlatt Act of 1919
- Chauri-chaura
incident
- Violent Mooplah
rebellion in Kerala (1921)
- C.P.I founded in
1921
- R.S.S founded in
1925
- Nagpur Kakori
robbery in 1925
- Holding of the
simultaneous examination for the ICS in England and India from 1923
- Murder of Swami
Sraddhanand
- Simon Commission
(announced) 1927
- Butler Commission
in 1927
- All India Youth
Congress. 1928
- Nehru Report, 1928
- Lahore session of
the congress and Poorna Swarj declaration
- Civil Disobedience
Movement 1930
- Dandi March (March
12th, 1930)
- 1st round Table
Conference, 1930
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact
March 5, 1931
- Civil Disobedience
Movement
- Second Round Table
Conference in September 1931
- Announcement of
Communal Award (1932)
- Third Round Table
Conference, 1932
- Foundation of
Congress Socialist Party, 1934.
- Government of India
Act ,1935
- Burma separated
from India, 1935
- All India Kishan
Sabha 1936
- 1st General Election
(1936-37)
- Congress
ministries, 1937 & Resignation of Congress Ministries 1939
- Forward Block
founded in 1939
- Deliverance day by
Muslim League 1939
- Lahore Resolution,
1940
- August offer, 1940
- Cripps mission,
1942
- Quit India
Movement, 1942
- C.R. Formula 1944.
- Wavell plan and
Shimla Conference m 1945
- End of 2nd World War; 1945
- INA Trails and the
Naval mutiny. 1946
- Cabinet Mission,
1946 and acceptance of its proposals by Congress.
- Direct Action Day
by the Muslim League on the 16th August, 1946
(Mar-Aug 1947)
- Announced the 3
June, 1947 plan.
- June 3rd Plan announced (3rd June 1947)
- Introduction of
Indian Independence Bill in the House of Commons
- Appointment of 2
boundary commissions under Sir Cryil Radcliffe
- The last Governor
General of free India
- The only Indian
Governor General remained in office from 21st June, 1948 to 25th January, 1950.
Newspapers and Journals
Bengal
Gazette — 1780 James Augustus Hicky(Irishman)
India
Gazette — 1787 Henry
Louis Vivian Derozio associated with it.
Madras
Courier— 1784 (First
paper from Madras)
Bombay
Herald— 1789
(First paper from Bombay)
Indian
Herald— 1795 R.
Williams (Englishman) and published by Humphreys
Digdarshna — 1818 (First Bengali monthly)
Calcutta
Journal — 1818 J.S. Buckingham
Bengal
Gazette — 1818 Harishchandra Ray(First Bengali newspaper)
Marat-ul-Akbar— 1822
Raja Rammohan
Roy(First journal in Persian)
Jam-I-Jahan
Numah — 1822 An
English firm (First paper in Urdu)
Banga-Duta — 1822 Rammohan Roy,
(a weekly in 4 languages Dwarkanath
Tagore and others English, Bengali,
Persian, Hindi)
Bombay Times
— 1838 Foundation laid by
Robert Knight
(The Times of India
after 1861) stated by Thomas Bennett.
Hindu
Patriot — 1853 Girishchandra
Ghosh
(later,Harishchandra
Mukerji owner cum-editor)
Spmaprakasha
— 1858
Dwarkanath
Vidyabhushan(First Bengali political paper)
Indian
Mirror— 1862 Devendranalh
Tagore(first Indian daily paper in English)
Bengalee — 1862
Girishchandra Ghosh
(taken overBy S.N.Banerjeain 1879)
Madras Mail— 1868 (First evening paper in
India)
Anirila
Bazar Patrika — 1868 Sisirkumar Ghosh &
Molilal Ghosh
(In Bengali and later,
an English daily)
Bangadarshana
— 1873
Bankimchandra
Chatterji
Indian
Statesman — 1875 Robert
Knight (later, The Statesman)
The Hindu — 1878
G.S Aiyar,
Viraraghavachari and Subba Rao Pandit
Tribune— 1881 Dayal Singh Majeetia
Name of the Paper Year Name of Founder/Editor
Kesari and
Maharatta — 1881 Tilak, Chiplunkar,Agarkar (before Tilak, Agarkar and Prof Kelkar were
the editors respectively)
Swadeshamitram
G.S. Aiyar
Paridasak — 1886
Bipin Chandra Pal
(publisher)
Yugantar — 1906
Barindra Kumar Ghosh
and Bhupendranath Dutta
Sandhya 1906 Brahamabandhab
Upadhyay
Kal — 1906
–
Indian
Sociologist — London Shyamji Krishnavarama
Bantle
Mataram — Paris Madam
Bhikaji Cama
Talvar — Berlin Verendranath
Chattopadhyay
Free
Hindustan — Vancouver Tarakanth Das
Ghadr — San
Francisco Ghadr Party
Bombay
Chronicle — 1913 Pherozeshah Mehta. Editor—B.G.
Horniman(Englishman)
The Milap — 1923 M.K.Chand
Leader ------ Madan Mohan Malaviya
Kirti — 1926
Santosh Singh
Bahishkrit
Bharat — 1927 B.R.
Ambcdkar
Kudi Arasu — 1910
E.V.Ramaswamy
Naicfcer (Periyar)
Kranti — 1927
S.S. Mirajkar,
K.N.Joglekar, S.VGhatc
Langal and
Ganabani — 1927 Gopu Chakravarli and
Dharani Goswami
Bandi Jivan
Sachmdranath Sanyal
National
Herald— 1938 Jawaharal Nehru
Al-hilal Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Comrade Mohammed Ali
Bengali Surendernath Banerjee
Som Prakash Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Karmyogi Arvindo Ghosh
Free
Hindustan
Taraknath Das
Zamindar,
Lahore
Zafar Ali Khan
Din Mitra Mukundrao Patil
- First attempt by
the British Parliament to regulate the affairs of the Company.
- End of Dual
Government.
- Provided for centralization
of Administration of Company’s territories in Indian.
- Governor of Bengal
became Governor-general for all British territories in India.
- Governor General
and council of 4 members appointed for Bengal.
- Bombay and Madras
Presidency subordinated to Bengal presidency.
- Supreme court to be
set up at Calcutta.
- This Act gave the
British government the supreme control over Company’s affairs and its
administration in India.
- Established dual
system of governance. Court of directors consisting of 24 members to look
after commercial functions.
- Board of control
consisting of 6 parliamentary Commissioners appointed to control civil,
military and revenue affairs of India.
- Strength of
Governor general-in council reduced to 3.
- Subordinated the
Bombay and Madras presidency to Bengal in all questions of war, diplomacy
& revenues.
- First effective
substitution of Parliamentary Control over East India Company.
- Company given
monopoly of trade for 20 more years.
- Expenses and
salaries of the Board of Control to be charged on Indian Revenue.
- Governor-General
could override his Council.
- Company deprived of
its trade monopoly in India except in tea and trade with China.
- All Englishmen
could trade with India subject to few restrictions.
- Rules and
procedures made for use of Indian revenue.
- A sum of Rs 1 lakh
earmarked annually for education.
- End of company’s
trade monopoly even in tea and with China. Company was asked to close its
business at the earliest.
- Governor-General of
Bengal to be Governor-General of India. (1st Governor-General of India-Lord William Bentick).
- Govt. of Madras and
Bombay deprived of legislative powers.
- A fourth member,
law member added to council of Governor-General.
- Government Service
was thrown open to the people of India.
- All laws made by
Governor General-in-council henceforth to be known as Acts and not
regulations.
- Extended life of
the Company for an unspecified period.
- First time separate
legislative machinery consisting of 12 member legislative council was
created.
- Law member was made
a full member of the Executive Council of the Governor-General
- Recruitment to
Civil Services was based on open annual competitive examination. (excluding
Indians)
- Rule of Company in
India ended and that of the Crown began.
- System of double
Government ended. Court of Directors and Board of Control abolished.
- Secretary of Stale
(a member of the British Cabinet) for India was created. He was assisted
by a 15-member council (India Council). He was to exercise the powers of
the Crown.
- Secretary of State
governed India through the Governor-General.
- Governor-General
was to be called the Viceroy and was the direct representative of the
Crown in India.
- A unitary and
highly centralized administrative structure was created.
- Policy of
Association of Indians in legislation started.
- A fifth member, who
was to be a jurist, was added to the Viceroy’s executive council.
- For legislation,
executive Council of Viceroy was enlarged by 6 to 12 members composed of
half non-official members.
- Thus foundations of
Indian legislature were laid down.
- Legislative powers
of the Presidency Government deprived in 1833 were restored.
- Viceroy could issue
ordinances in case of emergency.
- Though the majority
of official members were retained, the non-official members of the Indian
Legislative Council were Bengal.
- Chamber of Commerce
and the Provincial Legislative Councils. While the non-official members of
the provincial council were to be nominated by certain local bodies such
as universities, district boards, municipalities.
- Beginning of
representative system in India
- Council to have the
power to discuss budget and of addressing questions to the Executive.
- Morley was the
secretary of state, while Minto was the Indian Victory.
- Additional members
in central legislative assembly were increased to 60
- Introduced for the
first time indirect elections to the Legislative Councils.
- Separate
electorates was introduced for the muslims.
- Non-official seats
were to be filled in by elections. They were distributed as follows
- By non-official
members of the Provincial Legislative councils.
- By landholders of
6 provinces
- By Muslims of 5
provinces
- Alternately by
Muslim landholders of Up/Bengal Chambers of commerce of Calcutta and
Bombay.
- Muslim were to be
elected by Separate electorates.
- Resolutions could
be moved before the budget was taken in its final form.
- Supplementary
questions could be asked.
Popularly known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms.
- The idea of
“Responsible Government” was emphasised upon.
- Devolution Rules: Subjects of
administration were divided into two categories-“Central” and
“Provincial”. Subjects of all India importance (like railways &
finance) were brought under the category of Central, while matters
relating to the administration of
the provinces were classified as provincial.
Dyarchy system introduced in the Provinces. The Provincial subjects of
administration were to be divided into two categories “Transferred” and
“Reserved” subjects. The transferred subjects were to be administered by the
Governor with the aid of Ministers responsible to the Legislative Council. The
Governor and his Executive Council were to
administer the reserved subjects (Rail, Post, Telegraph, Finance, Law
& Order, etc.) without any responsibility to the legislature.
- An office of the
High commissioner of India was created in London.
- Indian legislature
became “bicameral” for the first lime.
- Communal
representation extended to Sikhs.
- Secretary of State
for India now to be paid from British revenue.
- Partition of India
and the establishment of two dominions of India and Pakistan.
- Constituent
Assembly of each Dominion would have unlimited powers to frame and adopt
any constitution
- The Suzerainty of
the crown over Indian stales was terminated.
- The office of the
Secretary of State for India was to be abolished and his work was to be
taken over by the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs.
The Act was based on 2 basic principles, federation and parliamentary
system.
- Provided for the
establishment of an All India federation consisting of the British
Provinces and the Princely States.
- The joining of
Princely States was voluntary and as a result the federation did not come
into existence.
- Dyarchy was
introduced at the Centre (e.g. department of Foreign Affairs and Defence
were reserved for the Governor General).
- Provincial autonomy
replaced Dyarchy in Provinces. They were granted separate legal identity.
- It made a
three-fold division of powers - Federal, Provincial and concurrent lists.
Residuary powers were to be with the Governor General.
- The Indian Council
of Secretary of State for India was abolished.
- Principle of
separate electorate was extended to include Anglo-Indians, Indian
Christians and Europeans.
- A Federal Court was
to be constituted with a chief Justice and 10 other judges. This was set
up in 1937.
- Sind and Orissa
were created.
- Franchise was based
on property qualifications.
1906, Dec 31 Muslim League founded at Decca
1908, Apr 1O Khudiram Bose
executed.
1908, Jul 22 Tilak sentenced to six years on charges
of sedition.
1909, Max 21 Minto-Morely Reforms or Indian councils
Act,
1911 The coronation or Delhi durbar held at Delhi in which the
partition of Bengal was cancelled.
1912 Delhi becomes the new capital of India.
1912,Dec 23 Bomb thrown on
Lord Hardinge on his state entry into Delhi.
1913, Nov 1 Ghadar party formed at San Francisco
1914, Jan 16 B.G.Tilak released from jail 1914, Aug 4 Outbreak of the1st World War.
1914, Sept 29 Komagata Marti ship reaches Budge
Budge.
1915, Jan Gandhiji arrives in India.
1915, Feb 19 Death of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
1916, Apr 28 B.G. Tilak founds Indian Home Rule
League with its headquarters at Poona.
1916. Sept 25 Another Home Rule League started by Annie Besant.
1917. Apr Mahatma
Gandhi launches the Champaran campaign
in “Bihar to focus attention on the grievances of indigo planters.
1917,Aug20 The Secretary
of State for India Montagu, declares
that the goal of the British government in India is the introduction of
Responsible Government.
1918 Beginning of trade union movement in India.
1918, Apr Rowlatt (Sedition) Committee submits
its report. Rowlatt Bill introduces on February 16, 1919.
1919, Apr 6 All India
hartal over Rowlat act .
1919, Apr 3 Jallianwala Bagh tragedy
1919,Dec5 The House of
Commons passes the Montagu-Chelmsford
Reforms or the Government of India Act, 1919. The new reforms under this
Act cameinto operation in 1921.
1920 First
meeting of the All India Trade Union
congress. (Narain Malhar Joshi)
1920.Dec The Indian
national Congress (INC) adopts (The Non-Cooperation Resolution. (Started in Aug
31,1920)
1920-22 Non-Cooperation
Movement, suspended on February 11-12, 1922 after the violent incidents at
Chauri Chaura on February 5,1922.
1927 Simon
Commission (announced)
1927 Butler
Commission
1928 All
India Youth Congress.
1928 Nehru
Report, Lahore session of the congress and Poorna Swaraj declaration
1930 Civil
Disobedience Movement (March 12th, 1930) Dandi March
1930 1st round Table Conference,
Mar 5, 1931 Gandhi-Irwin
Pact
1930 Civil
Disobedience Movement
1931 Second
Round Table Conference in September
1932 Announcement
of Communal Award
1932 Third
Round Table Conference,
1935 Government
of India Act ,
1936-37 1st General Election Congress ministries, 1937 & Resignation
of Congress Ministries 1939
1939 Forward
Block founded , Deliverance day by Muslim League 1939
1940 Lahore
Resolution,
1940 August
offer,
1942 Cripps
mission,
1942 Quit
India Movement
1943-1947 Lord Wavell
1944 C.R.
Formula
1945 Wavell
plan and Shimla Conference , End of 2nd World War; 1945
1946 INA Trails and the Naval
mutiny, Cabinet Mission, 1946 and acceptance of its proposals by Congress.
1946 Direct
Action Day by the Muslim League on the 16th August
1947, Mar Lord Mountbatten , Introduction of Indian
Independence Bill in the House of Commons , Appointment of 2 boundary
commissions under Sir Cryil Radcliffe
C Raj Gopalchari The last Governor
General of free India , The only Indian Governor General remained in office
from 21st June, 1948 to 25th January, 1950.
